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  History of Newspaper in India - The first newspaper in India was published on  29 January, 1780  by  James Augustus Hicky  under the British Raj and its name was  ‘The Bengal Gazette’ . It was also called as  ‘Calcutta General Advertiser’  and people simply remember it as  ‘Hicky’s Gazette’. It was very small two sheet weekly newspaper. And the paper was filled with lots of advertisements with the name- The Calcutta General Advertiser. In fact, its front page was filled with advertisements only. - After few months of Hicky’s paper Messer B Messinck and Peter Read brought out the  ‘Indian Gazette’  in  November 1780 . Many other newspapers were also started, namely Calcutta Gazette (1784), The Bengal Journal (1785). - In  1785 , Richard Johnson in Madras brought out  ‘Madras Courier’  in English language. R. William’s  ‘Madras Gazette’  in  1795  and Humphrey’s  ‘India Herald’  in...

 Legends of Journalism 1) Dr Herman Gundert  Dr. Herman Gundert was a German missionary who came to Kerala in 1839 in order to spread the teachings of Christ. He contributed greatly to the growth of Malayalam language, literature and journalism. Gundert was a great scholar. He mastered Malayalam language and compiled the first comprehensive Malayalam-English dictionary. He also wrote books on Malayalam grammar and history. It was under his leadership that the two earliest newspapers, Rajyasamacharam and Paschimodayam were published. It could be said that Gundert laid the foundation for the enviable growth of Malayalam journalism. According to his biographer, he mastered several Indian languages during his stay at Illikunnu and authored nearly 20 books in Malayalam. He produced the first Malayalam textbook (Patamala) for children. 2) Kandathil Varghese Mappilai   Kandathil Varghese Mappilai was the brain behind the success story of Malayala Manorama. He began his career in...

 Role of Malayalam Press in the Freedom Struggle Many newspapers were started in various places and a few among them supported the Indian National Congress and its activities. But it should be noted that not every Malayalam newspaper wholeheartedly supported the freedom movement. A brief history of the leading newspapers that supported the freedom struggle is given below.  1) Lokamanyan  It was edited by K.Neelakanda Pillai and published by Poovathungal Sebastian fromThrissur from 1920. Lokamanyan actively supported the Indian National Congress and it activities. The government prosecuted the editor and publisher and sentenced them to six months imprisonment on charges of sedition. The paper was closed down as a result.  2) Swarad  Swarad was a biweekly newspaper published from Kollam. This paper was started in 1921 for the purpose of spreading the ideology of INC and to support the Congress activities in Travancore. Swarad played a prominent role in the Vaikom ...

 Serampore Missionaries Serampore missionaries were a group of Baptist missionaries from England who settled down at Serampore in Bengal. The credit for starting the first vernacular newspaper in the country goes to this missionary group. Their publications included:  Dig Darshan was started in 1818 as a monthly magazine in Bengali. This journal carried reports of political activities, but it carefully avoided political controversies. Notices, articles relating to history and political news items were published in this paper. The name of Dig Darshan was changed to SamacharDarpan in 1819 and it was published until 1840. It become a bilingual weekly in 1829. It collected news from many places in Bengal and nearby places. Information not available elsewhere could be found in it.  The Friend of India was a monthly magazine in English started on April 30, 1818. It stopped publication in 1827 due to financial constraints. The basic objectives of these papers were to aid conver...

When viewing a printed sample it is often difficult to tell which process has been used simply by looking at it with the naked eye. However, if a printed sample of the text area is examined with the use of a magnifying glass, the following characteristics are visible.  • Clean edges around Lithographic print  • Outline edges around Flexographic/Letterpress print  • Dotted edges around Gravure print  • Coarse/dotted edges or clean edges around Screen print, depending on screen mesh used  It is undoubtedly a considerable asset to be able to determine with reasonable accuracy the printing process or processes by which an item of printed matter has been produced. There are a number of characteristics or clues which, if they can be discerned, make identification of the process possible, but not necessarily simple. Indeed, there are some jobs where it is very difficult to identify the relevant process or processes, even to those having considerable experience, and the...

  Offset Printing  Advantages • Suitable for a very wide range of work, from short‐ to long‐run  • Wide range of substrates able to be printed to a high standard  • Fine screen and high definition printed work even on relatively coarse substrates  • Wide range of printing plate material available to suit different applications and requirements ‐   eg   • paper and plastic/polyester plates used mainly for small  ‐offset, short‐run applications in generally non‐process work,    • negative‐ working and positive working presensitised metal plates used mainly for high quality, fine definition work  • High definition reproduction of typematter, line and tone illustrations  • Widest range of presses available of all the printing processes  • Machine speeds generally competitive across a wide range of printing quantities  • Convenient to store films or plates for possible reprints.  Limitati...

  Letter Press Printing (Relief printing)  Letterpress (Relief) Printing : Here, the printing elements i.e., image area (letters, lines, dots, etc.) are in raised form. When the printing plate is inked, the ink adheres to the raised image area (printing parts) and is then transferred under pressure onto the printing substrate. The main examples of this printing technology are letterpress which, until a few decades ago, was the dominant printing technology and flexography which, by the middle of this century, had started to be used more and more in packaging printing. With traditional letterpress printing a hard metal printing plate (lead) is used and in flexography a flexible, soft rubber or plastic plate is employed. watch video here :   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmg7yCEphrA Planographic printing  Offset (Lithography) Printing : Here, the image area and non‐image area lie in the same level; but are usually made from different materials (e.g., aluminum and po...