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Printing Process

 Letter Press Printing (Relief printing) 


Letterpress (Relief) Printing : Here, the printing elements i.e., image area (letters, lines, dots, etc.) are in raised form. When the printing plate is inked, the ink adheres to the raised image area (printing parts) and is then transferred under pressure onto the printing substrate. The main examples of this printing technology are letterpress which, until a few decades ago, was the dominant printing technology and flexography which, by the middle of this century, had started to be used more and more in packaging printing. With traditional letterpress printing a hard metal printing plate (lead) is used and in flexography a flexible, soft rubber or plastic plate is employed.


watch video here :

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmg7yCEphrA


Planographic printing 

Offset (Lithography) Printing : Here, the image area and non‐image area lie in the same level; but are usually made from different materials (e.g., aluminum and polymer coating) with different chemical and physical surface properties. During printing, the non‐image areas are treated to receive water and made ink‐repellent first (by wetting) and the plate is then inked so that the ink is taken up only by the image areas. The main example of lithography is offset printing, which is today the dominant printing technology. Offset printing is an indirect printing technology, that is, the ink is first transferred to an intermediate carrier (rubber blanket) and from there onto the substrate.



watch video here 

(Lithography): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0So4M7Tbis

(offset) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noxHRAioaVQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LMU-zB8Sro&t=4s


Flexographic printing 

Flexography is a process in which the printing image stands up in relief. A liquid is used which may be solvent‐based, and dries mainly by  solvent evaporation. Water‐based inks are also widely used, and UV‐ cured systems are being introduced. A low printing pressure is essential to the process because of the combination of very fluid inks and soft, flexible printing plates that are used. The process has several distinctive features.



watch video here:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pocAG01M5s

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTF_fgpWoTo


Gravure printing

Gravure Printing : In this type of printing, the printing areas are in recess  ‐ that is, on a lower level than the non‐printing surface. The recesses are filled with ink and surplus ink is removed from the non‐printing surface by ductor blade. The substrate is then pressed against the printing cylinder to transfer the ink onto it. The main examples of gravure printing are Rotogravure printing and, in the area of arts and crafts, copper plate engraving and die‐stamping (also security printing). Gravure is an example of the intaglio printing process.


watch video here:

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jf3JrLBCrDc

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOzDcQka3IM


Screen Printing

Screen Printing (Stencil printing):   In this type of printing, the image and non‐image areas are carried on a mesh(woven) screen, the image areas being open or ‘unblocked’ in the form of a stencil. The non‐image areas are formed by ‘blocking out’ the mesh by coating. The paper is placed under the screen. After the screen is lowered into contact with the paper, ink is passed across the upper surface of the screen. Where the screen is open, ink goes through to the paper beneath. Screen printing is an example of the stencil printing process.





watch video here: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LB__fEeO6no

Digital Printing

Digital printing is generally defined as any type of print reproduction method that utilizes electronic files to produce a printed piece from spots and dots of ink, toner, or dye. Applying it to the print workflow has eliminated most of the manual steps involved with conventional print processes.  

Digital printing technology can be divided into two main classifications: 

Variable Imaging and Direct Imaging.

 • Computer‐to‐Plate 

• Computer‐to‐Print 

• Computer‐to‐Press


watch video here:

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