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Framing - An introduction

Onscreen / Offscreen Space

(an image that is contained within the borders of the screen/a suggested image that is left to be imagined by the viewer—what the listener (not visually projected) is doing while the speaker (projected onto the screen) in a telephone conversation talks into the phone. The image created when the sound of a crash is heard but the crash is not seen.

Angle

Relationship of the camera to the subject


  1. Aerial shot/Bird's eye view - An aerial shot is a shot that's taken from an elevated vantage point than what is framed in the shot. Aerial shots gives viewers a deeper understanding of what is happening below, both literally and metaphorically.
  2. High - weak, subordinated, controlled (when not used for maximum wideness—to show mass or crowd size instead of weakness)
  3. Low - strong, subordinating, controlling
  4. Flat/Neutral - value neutral; neither controlling nor controlled; factual, etc relative value when juxtaposed to other angles: stronger than high angle and weaker than low angle 
  5. Tilt angle/Dutch angle- when the camera angle is other than 90 degrees may suggest character, action, conclusions, suspicions are not “right” (as in right angled); perhaps not being presented accurately, or intended as stated within the context of the action, etc.
  6. Worm angle shot - Worm's-eye view is a shot that is looking up from the ground, and is meant to give the viewer the feeling that they are looking up at the character from way below and it is meant to show the view that a child or a pet would have.

Framing—Shot Distances

[the closer the subject, the more potent, powerful, able to create change; the farther

 away, the less potent, the weaker, less able to create change]

1. Extreme long shot:

A panoramic view of an exterior location, photographed from a great distance, often as far as a quarter mile away –sometimes an establishing shot that sets context for later closer shots.

2. Long shot:

A broad view of objects or action of principle interest. This shot allows general recognition of the subject at the expense of detail. Also used as an establishing shot. Reveals the human full human figure, though more in the middle- than fore- or background. (View from audience to proscenium arch)

3. Medium shot:

A relatively close shot, usually revealing the human figure from head to knees, feet to navel (bellybutton).

4. Medium Close up:

A relatively close shot, usually revealing the human from head to waist, feet to thighs, or knees to navel (bellybutton).

5. Close up:

 Reveals head and shoulder of human figure in central focus of frame.

6. Extreme Close up:

 Reveals a body part: a face, an eye, a pupil; a finger, a fingernail, etc.



Further reading: https://www.filmcompanion.in/fc-lists/10-beautiful-frames-from-indian-cinema-of-the-past-10-years/




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